However, new treatments can help people with this condition live to a normal life expectancy. The median survival time after diagnosis of PNH is 10 years. Up to 50 percent of patients treated with drug therapy have their aplastic anemia return, or develop another, related blood disorder. These can reduce symptoms but aren’t a cure. People over 40 years old, or for whom there’s not a good bone marrow match, are usually treated with medications. People who are younger than 40 years old with severe aplastic anemia are usually treated with a bone marrow transplant. The outlook for people with serious anemia will depend on the cause: It is usually treatable if caught quickly, although some types are chronic, which means they need continual treatment. Autoimmune diseases are also a potential cause of anemia, as they may cause your body to attack red blood cells.Īnemia in general causes 1.7 deaths per 100,000 people in the United States annually. Other infections can cause aplastic anemia or hemolytic anemia. Examples include:Īcquired diseases, including malaria, can cause anemia. CancerĬancers of the blood, lymphatic system, and bone marrow can cause anemia. For example, this might happen after a traumatic injury where you lose a lot of blood. Severe bleeding can cause sudden, short-term anemia. These are conditions that cause anemia and are inherited, which means they are passed down through one or both parents through your genes. It often also causes physical abnormalities, such as malformed thumbs or forearms, skeletal abnormalities, a malformed or missing kidney, gastrointestinal abnormalities, infertility, and vision and hearing problems.įanconi anemia can also cause an increased risk of leukemia, as well as head, neck, skin, reproductive, and gastrointestinal cancers.Īnemia happens when your body doesn’t make enough blood cells, your body destroys your red blood cells, or the red blood cells it does make are malformed.ĭifferent causes of these conditions include: Genetics the malaria parasite entering red blood cellsįanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic condition that impairs bone marrow and causes you to have a lower than normal amount of all types of blood cells.Many factors contribute to its development, including: Malarial anemia is a main symptom of severe malaria. It becomes severe if you inherit two copies of the gene that causes it. Without enough hemoglobin, your red blood cells don’t work properly and die more quickly than healthy cells. This is a protein that’s a crucial part of red blood cells. Thalassemia is an inherited condition in which your body doesn’t make enough hemoglobin. Sickle cell disease causes very painful episodes, swelling, and frequent infections. It’s more common in people of African descent. This causes them to get stuck in small blood vessels, which blocks blood flow throughout your body, depriving tissue of oxygen. It causes your red blood cells to be deformed - they become sickle-shaped, rigid, and sticky. Sickle cell disease is an inherited type of anemia. certain medications, such as penicillin.Potential causes of acquired hemolytic anemia include: Hemolytic anemia can also be inherited, which means it’s passed down through your genes, or acquired. Hemolytic anemia is when your red blood cells are destroyed faster than your body can make them. They may turn into acute myeloid leukemia, a type of blood cancer. Myelodysplastic syndromes are considered a type of cancer. These cells die earlier and are more likely to be destroyed by your immune system. Your bone marrow then doesn’t make enough cells, and the cells it does make are generally defective. Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of conditions that cause the blood-making cells in your bone marrow to become abnormal. It often starts as aplastic anemia or arises after treatment for the condition. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is related to aplastic anemia. It’s a genetic condition, usually diagnosed in people who are in their 30s or 40s. It causes blood clots, destroys blood cells, and impairs bone marrow function. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare, life-threatening disease. It can also have no known cause, which is referred to as idiopathic aplastic anemia. Types of anemia that can potentially be life-threatening include: Aplastic anemiaĪplastic anemia is when your bone marrow becomes damaged, and your body therefore stops producing new blood cells. When you don’t have enough red blood cells, your organs don’t get enough oxygen and can’t work properly. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body.
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